What is THC?

Unpacking a Key Cannabis Compound

Welcome to our series exploring the fascinating world of cannabis! Today, we're diving into one of the most well-known compounds found in the cannabis plant: THC (delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol).

You might have heard a lot about it, and for good reason – it's a fascinating molecule with a wide range of interactions within the body.

The Science in Simple Terms: How THC Works

Your body has an intricate internal network called the endocannabinoid system (ECS), which helps regulate functions like mood, sleep, pain, and appetite. This system contains receptors—CB1 and CB2—which act like locks waiting for the right key.

THC is a ‘phytocannabinoid’, meaning it’s a plant-derived compound that interacts with these receptors. It has a strong affinity for CB1 receptors, primarily located in the brain and nervous system (StatPearls, 2023). When THC binds to these receptors, it produces psychoactive effects—commonly known as the "high" associated with cannabis.

Beyond the "High": Exploring Potential Therapeutic Interactions

While the psychoactive aspect of THC is well-known, recent research, much of it from the last 15 years, has been exploring its potential therapeutic interactions within the body. It’s important to note that cannabis laws vary, and in Australia, THC-containing products are strictly regulated by the Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). Here's a glimpse into areas where some studies suggest THC may play a role:

Influence on Pain Pathways: Research has indicated that THC, including synthetic forms like dronabinol and THC extracts, may interact with pathways involved in the perception of certain types of pain, such as chronic pain and pain associated with conditions like multiple sclerosis (MS) (TGA, 2024; The BMJ, 2023).
Modulation of Nausea and Vomiting: THC has been studied for its ability to help modulate severe nausea and vomiting, particularly for patients undergoing chemotherapy (TGA, 2024; WHO, 2016).
Impact on Appetite Regulation: For individuals experiencing appetite loss, such as those with certain wasting syndromes, studies have explored THC's potential to influence appetite regulation (StatPearls, 2023).
Addressing Spasticity in MS: For patients with multiple sclerosis, some evidence suggests that THC, often in combination with CBD, can interact with systems that may reduce spasticity (muscle stiffness and spasms) (TGA, 2024).

Important Considerations

THC is a complex compound with both psychoactive and potential therapeutic effects. While research continues to uncover its benefits, it’s crucial to approach its use responsibly and legally. Like any substance that interacts with the body, it can have side effects, which can include dizziness, dry mouth, and confusion (RANZCP, 2023; TGA, 2024). It's also important to note that the effects can vary greatly depending on the individual, the dose, and the specific cannabis product.

Disclaimer: This post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical or legal advice. Laws regarding prescription medicines vary by region, and readers should always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before using any prescription medication.

References: StatPearls. (2023). Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK563174/ The BMJ. (2023). Cannabis and cannabinoids for the management of chronic pain: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Retrieved from https://www.bmj.com/content/380/bmj-2022-072044 Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA) Australia. (2024). Guidance for the use of medicinal cannabis in Australia: Patient information. Retrieved from https://www.tga.gov.au/resources/resource/guidance-document/guidance-use-medicinal-cannabis-australia-patient-information Royal Australian and New Zealand College of Psychiatrists (RANZCP). (2023). Position statement 100: Medicinal cannabis. Retrieved from https://www.ranzcp.org/news-advocacy/policy-and-advocacy/position-statements/medicinal-cannabis World Health Organization (WHO). (2016). Cannabis and cannabis resin: Critical review prepared for the 38th meeting of the ECDD. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/controlled-substances/ecdd/38ecdd-cannabis-report.pdf