What are terpenes?
Discovering Terpenes: The Aromatic Heart of Cannabis (and Beyond!)
Welcome back to our series diving into the fascinating world of cannabis compounds! While cannabinoids like THC and CBD often get the spotlight, there's another crucial group of compounds responsible for the incredible aromas and flavours of the cannabis plant: terpenes. These delightful molecules are not unique to cannabis; they're found throughout the plant kingdom, giving everything from pine trees to citrus fruits their distinctive scents.
What Are Terpenes?
Think of terpenes as the essential oils of plants. They are aromatic compounds that contribute to the unique scent and flavour profiles of thousands of plant species. In cannabis, terpenes play a significant role in creating the diverse spectrum of aromas you might encounter, ranging from earthy and woody to citrusy and floral. Beyond their smell, research continues to explore how these compounds interact with other plant components.
Popular Terpenes You Might Encounter
The cannabis plant contains a wide array of terpenes, each with its own signature scent. Here are a few popular ones that frequently appear in various cannabis varieties:
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Myrcene: This is often one of the most abundant terpenes in cannabis. It's known for its earthy, musky, and sometimes clove-like aroma. You can also find Myrcene in mangoes, hops, and thyme.
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Limonene: As its name suggests, Limonene carries a bright, fresh, and distinctly citrusy scent, reminiscent of lemons, oranges, and grapefruit. It's commonly found in the rinds of citrus fruits.
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Beta-Caryophyllene: Unique among terpenes, Beta-Caryophyllene has a spicy, peppery, and woody aroma. It's also found in black pepper, cloves, and cinnamon.
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Pinene: With its refreshing, pungent aroma, Pinene is exactly what it sounds like: it smells like pine trees! This terpene is abundant in pine needles, rosemary, and basil.
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Linalool: Known for its delicate floral and slightly spicy scent, Linalool is the terpene responsible for the calming aroma of lavender. It's also found in birch bark and coriander.
The Complexity of Plant Compounds
It's important to remember that the diverse characteristics of cannabis plants arise from the complex interplay of hundreds of different compounds, including various cannabinoids, terpenes, and flavonoids. The unique combination of these molecules in any given plant contributes to its overall profile and the sensory experience it offers.
Important Considerations
As with any plant compound, understanding terpenes is part of appreciating the botanical world. For any health concerns or before making decisions about your well-being, it is always essential to have a thorough discussion with your doctor or a qualified healthcare professional. They are best placed to provide advice on appropriate approaches for your specific health needs.
Disclaimer: This post is for informational purposes only and does not constitute medical or legal advice. Laws regarding prescription medicines vary by region, and readers should always consult with a qualified healthcare provider before using any prescription medication.
​References:​ ACS Omega. (2021). Cannabis Sativa: The Plant of a Thousand and One Molecules (and Uses). Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.0c05007 Journal of Natural Products. (2018). Cannabis sativa: A Comprehensive Review of the Phytochemistry, Biotechnology, and Pharmacological Activities. Retrieved from https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acs.jnatprod.8b00511